Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Web content moderation faces increasingly diverse threats ranging from phishing and malware to clickbait and fraud. This project, Surf Shelter, proposes a unified risk assessment system that utilizes multi-label classification to detect multiple types of website threats simultaneously. By leveraging big data from sources such as Common Crawl, OpenPageRank, GitHub, VirusTotal, PhishTank, and Google Safe Browsing, we compile a comprehensive dataset of websites and threat intelligence. We extract rich features using natural language processing (DistilBERT embeddings), static code analysis, and security heuristics, and apply an ensemble soft-voting strategy to label websites across threat categories. Preliminary results on 11,500 collected webpages (with 1,000 labeled) show that our model can achieve high overall accuracy (around 84%) in identifying malicious content, though calibration is needed to reduce false positives. An XGBoost classifier outperformed other models in consistency, and a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) helped adjust decision thresholds when soft-vote scores indicated misclassifications. The evolving cloud-deployed system demonstrates the feasibility of a one-stop, continuously updating platform for web risk detection. We conclude that a multi-label, data-driven approach can significantly enhance web content safety, and we outline future steps to integrate graph neural networks and deploy a user-facing extension for real-time protection.
Authors: Aditya Karki, Ayesha Imam, Navaraj Pandey
Institution: Fisk University
Language: English
Topic: Spam and Phishing Detection
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W4414444059
FWCI:
Cites:
Cited by:
Related to: