Work

Decellularized vascular matrix material–based TEVG coated with PRP for anti-degradation and anti-inflammation

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Vascular regeneration is closely associated with the inflammatory response and the degradation rate of implants. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains various cytokines and proteins, and autologous PRP can be used to treat implants to reduce the inflammatory response. OBJECTIVE: To reduce the immune rejection response and degradation rate of implants in vivo by incorporating different derivatives of PRP. METHODS: Tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) were separately mixed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), fibrin (FIB), platelet growth factor (PGF), and a PGF blend to prepare different extracellular matrix (ECM) implants for cell co-culture and subcutaneous transplantation experiments in rats. The cytokines transforming growth factor-beta, interleukin-10, and transforming growth factor-alpha released by macrophages were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tissue morphology was examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E staining), Masson's trichrome staining, and scanning electron microscopy. The impact of TEVGs on macrophages was evaluated through immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Subcutaneous transplantation in rats was assessed using H&E and Masson's staining, along with immunofluorescence staining for CD206 and CD86 to observe cell numbers and the M2/M1 (alternatively activated macrophages/classically activated macrophages) ratio. RESULTS: PBS, FIB, PGF, and the PGF blend exhibited distinct morphologies under scanning electron microscopy. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated an increase in the M2/M1 ratio with PGF and PGF-coated groups, improved water absorption capacity, and delayed metabolism of ECM materials in vivo . Additionally, PRP downregulated multiple inflammation-related genes, thereby reducing the inflammatory response. CONCLUSION: PGF and PGF-coated TEVGs reduced the immune rejection response in subcutaneous transplantation and decreased degradation by mitigating collagen loss in the implants.

Source: International Journal of Surgery

DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000003521

Authors: Shui-Lan Wu, Jian-Yi Xu, Xu-Heng Sun, Hong-Jing Jiang, Rong-Hua Yang, Zhan-Yi Lin