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A modelling study of the solar modulation of galactic protons at lower energies over changing solar activity

Year: 2025
Type: conference-paper
Abstract: The interest in the study of the global features of the modulation of galactic cosmic rays has been increasing since the 23$^{rd}$ solar minimum. This is supported by various detectors such as PAMELA, AMS-02 and HEPD01, providing cosmic ray particles measurements at Earth over two complete solar cycles i.e. the 23$^{rd}$ and 24$^{th}$. These exceptional observations provide an opportunity for enhanced numerical modeling of the modulation of galactic cosmic rays over a wide range of rigidity at the Earth. In this study a well-established three-dimensional drift model is used to compute proton spectra for these two solar cycles that are compatible with the mentioned observations. The main objective is to adapt the model quantitatively to reproduce global spectral features properly so that proton fluxes can be selectively studied in detail at lower energies, which are strongly affected by the heliosphere in their propagation.
DOI: 10.22323/1.501.1343
Authors: Dzivhuluwani Ndiitwani, O.P.M. Aslam, M. D. Ngobeni, M.S. Potgieter, I.I Ramokgaba, F. Plama, A. Sotgiu, M. Martucci, M. Boezio
Institutions: North-West University, University of Glasgow, Sol Plaatje University, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata, University of Trieste, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste
Language: English
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W4414486248
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