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Perception of Audio–Visual Synchronization in Olfactory-Enhanced 360-Degree Video

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: This study examines the impact of olfactory stimuli on user experience (UX) metrics in 360-degree videos under varying levels of audio–visual (AV) skew. Subjective responses and questionnaire results revealed that scents helped stabilize enjoyment and artifact tolerance scores, particularly under severe AV skews, compared to non-olfactory conditions. However, the stationary nature of the scent delivery device decreased the intensity of olfactory stimuli, limiting their potential impact. Objective analyses highlighted a masking effect in 360-degree videos, where participant visual exploration reduced sensitivity to AV skews. Despite these challenges, olfactory stimuli demonstrated resilience to AV skews, suggesting their potential to buffer negative effects and enhance immersive experiences. However, they did not significantly improve overall video quality ratings. The study underscores the need for advances in olfactory display technology, such as head-mounted scent emitters and dynamic sensory integration, to enhance multimedia experiences.

Source: Applied Sciences

DOI: 10.3390/app151910414

Authors: Aleph Campos da Silveira, Roope Raisamo, Fotios Spyridonis, Alexandra Covaci, Gheorghita Ghinea, Celso Alberto Saibel Santos

Institutions: Tampere University, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brunel University of London, University of Kent

Language: English

Topic: Multimedia Communication and Technology

Subfield: Sociology and Political Science

Field: Social Sciences

Domain: Social Sciences

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,896

Funders: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Academy of Finland, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Espírito Santo