Work

Continuous Separation of Lithium Iron Phosphate and Graphite Microparticles via Coupled Electric and Magnetic Fields

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Driven by the growing demand for sustainable resource utilization, the recovery of valuable constituents from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has attracted considerable attention, whereas conventional recycling processes remain energy-intensive, inefficient, and environmentally detrimental. Herein, an efficient and environmentally benign separation strategy integrating dielectrophoresis (DEP) and magnetophoresis (MAP) is proposed for isolating the primary components of "black mass" from spent LIBs, i.e., lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and graphite microparticles. A coupled electric-magnetic-fluid dynamic model is established to predict particle motion behavior, and a custom-designed microparticle separator is developed for continuous LFP-graphite separation. Numerical simulations are performed to analyze microparticle trajectories under mutual effects of DEP and MAP and to evaluate the feasibility of binary separation. Structural optimization revealed that the optimal separator configuration comprised an electrode spacing of 2 mm and a ferromagnetic body length of 5 mm with 3 mm spacing. Additionally, a numerical study also found that an auxiliary flow velocity ratio of 3 resulted in the best particle focusing effect. Furthermore, the effects of key operational parameters, including electric and magnetic field strengths and flow velocity, on particle migration were systematically investigated. The findings revealed that these factors significantly enhanced the lateral migration disparity between LFP and graphite within the separation channel, thereby enabling complete separation of LFP particles with high purity and recovery under optimized conditions. Overall, this study provides a theoretical foundation for the development of high-performance and environmentally sustainable LIBs recovery technologies.

Source: Micromachines

DOI: 10.3390/mi16101094

Authors: Wenbo Liu, Xiaolei Chen, Pengfei Qi, Xiaomin Liu, Yan Wang

Institutions: Qingdao University, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles

Language: English

Topic: Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies

Subfield: Biomedical Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDG: Responsible consumption and production

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,534