Work

Nanoparticle functionalization and sonic activation in photodynamic therapy: effects on push-out bond strength of endodontic sealers

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effects of sonic activation and graphene-functionalized methylene blue on the push-out bond strength of two endodontic sealers, AH Plus and Bio C, following Photodynamic therapy (PDT). METHODS: Sixty extracted single-rooted human teeth were divided into six groups (n = 10), treated with either 5% NaOCl (Groups 1 & 2), MB-based PDT (Groups 3 & 4), or MB-rGO-based PDT (Groups 5 & 6). In Groups 2, 4, and 6, sonic activation was applied prior to laser irradiation. Each group was further divided based on the sealer used: AH Plus or Bio-C. One mm-thick root slices from the coronal and middle thirds were subjected to push-out bond strength testing. Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post-hoc, and independent t-tests. RESULTS: Group 6 (MB-rGO + Sonic Activation + PDT) showed the highest bond strength for both AH Plus (6.07 ± 0.99 MPa) and Bio-C (5.54 ± 0.76 MPa), while Group 3 (MB + PDT) showed the lowest. Significant differences were observed between groups for both sealers (p < 0.05). Sonic activation significantly enhanced bond strength in Bio-C Sealer (p = 0.026) but not in AH Plus (p = 0.124). AH Plus showed predominantly cohesive failures, whereas Bio-C exhibited more adhesive failures. CONCLUSION: Sonic activation and graphene functionalization significantly enhanced the bond strength of both sealers, with the highest values in the MB-rGO with activation group. AH Plus showed superior adhesion, attributed to its chemical interaction with dentin collagen, while Bio-C Sealer benefited from hydroxyapatite bonding and improved mechanical retention. These findings suggest that optimizing photodynamic therapy with nanotechnology and activation techniques can improve the adhesion and clinical performance of endodontic sealers.

Source: BMC Oral Health

DOI: 10.1186/s12903-025-06855-w

Authors: Rizwan Jouhar, Mohamad Syahrizal Halim, Muhammad Adeel Ahmed, Zohaib Khurshid

Institutions: Universiti Sains Malaysia, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, King Faisal University

Language: English

Topic: Endodontics and Root Canal Treatments

Subfield: Oral Surgery

Field: Dentistry

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,190