Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: This research extends Labov’s (1972) Narrative Schemas Model beyond its traditional application to oral and literary narratives by examining its relevance to biographical texts. The research analyzes Ben Macintyre’s A Spy Among Friends (2014), a biography focused on Cold War double agent Kim Philby. Labov’s (1972) model identifies six key schemas in a fully developed narrative: abstract, orientation, complicating action, evaluation, resolution, and coda. However, these schemas have not previously been applied to biographies. This research investigates the application of Labov’s (1972) framework to biographical genre and offers new insights into biographical narrative structure. Using a qualitative approach, Labov’s (1972) Narrative Schemas Model is employed as the primary analytical framework. The findings of the research revealed that the narrative structure of Macintyre’s A Spy Among Friends (2014) conforms to the six schemas identified by Labov (1972). This indicates that the model is not only relevant but also valuable for the analysis of biographical text. The research suggests that the model’s application can be extended to other non-fiction genres, such as memoirs and autobiographies, thereby broadening its utility in narrative analysis. Furthermore, this research highlights the significance of the abstract and coda in non-fiction narratives and calls for additional comparative studies across different media, including film and television.
Source: AL-ĪMĀN Research Journal
Authors: Muhammad Zubair*, Maryam Javed, Maria Abdul Wahid
Institution: Federal Urdu University
Language: English
Subfield: Literature and Literary Theory
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W4414575432