Cigarette Exposure and Aging Pathways: Interplay Between IGF-1 Suppression and TGF-β Increase
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: 1 Background: There has been no clear association between cigarette smoking or nicotine levels and IGF-1 and TGF-B levels. The study aims to determine the relationship between the nicotine level with the IGF-1 and TGF-B level in healthy volunteers in Yogyakarta . 2 Methods: This research is a cross-sectional study of 106 healthy volunteers. We interviewed Subjects. Their blood samples were taken for hemogram, blood chemistry, nicotine, IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and TGF-B level examination. The selection criteria include healthy (clinically) males or females aged 18 years older and willing to volunteer, proven by signing consent. The data on smoking habits were collected through interviews guided by a questionnaire. Hemogram and blood chemistry examination were done using spectrophotometric while the levels of nicotine, IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and TGF-B were measured using ELISA. We performed an analysis of the difference in mean levels between groups of smokers and non-smokers with an independent t-test. Bivariate analysis to determine the relationship between nicotine level with IGF-1 and TGF-B level was conducted with Person correlation. 3 Results: The main findings of this study, including a relationship between smoking habit and nicotine levels with IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and TGF-b levels. Smoking habit was associated with a decrease in IGF-1 levels, but increased levels of TGF-B corresponded to an increase in nicotine levels (P < 0.05). 4 Conclusion: The conclusion of this study. We suggest that there is a relationship between cigarette smoking and nicotine levels with IGF-1 and TGF-B levels in healthy volunteers in Yogyakarta. 5 Keywords: Aging, smoking, cotinine, IGF-1 level, TGF-b1 level
Authors: Titiek Hidayati, Akrom Akrom, Suny Sun
Language: English
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W4414576525
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