Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: The work considers the processes of the birth of a planetary system, dwarf and neutron stars, as well as multiple stars of various natures, based on the Standard Model of the creation of the Universe, as well as the model of the Universe with minimal initial entropy (UMIE). It is shown that the Standard Model considers exclusively secondary processes of creating a planetary system, not considering the expansion of the Universe. Such an approach can be justified only in the case of the creation of a young planetary system. Considering the expansion of space to describe the Solar System led to the conclusion that the Standard Model cannot be used in this case. On the other hand, the use of the UMIE model made it possible to convincingly show that the nucleus of the Solar System arose shortly (from 0.025 to 17 million years) after the birth of the Universe, and the nucleus of the Sun arose immediately after the birth of the Universe. Its mass increased constantly from the first nucleons to the present state. The embryos of stars were immediately united into galaxies, and galaxies into clusters of galaxies. From the very beginning, the embryo of the future Sun had a relativistic rotation speed, which, as its mass increased, caused a disk-shaped shape. This state of the embryo ensured the creation of a planetary system in which there is a resonance between the orbits of the planets. Similar processes occurred among other stars. Depending on the structure of this embryo, stars with planetary systems or groups of dwarf stars are created. In this case, a dwarf star and a massive planet or a dwarf star and a neutron star may be made. If the embryo of the future star turns out to be asymmetric, then during its decay, two secondary embryos with different masses may be formed first, which at the same time can disintegrate into parts again. This is how multiple stars with various masses or dwarf stars with massive planets are created, as observed in the Galaxy. According to the laws of similarity, similar processes occur in the planets' embryos, which cause their satellites' appearance.
Author: Petro Kondratenko
Institution: National University "Kyiv Aviation Institute"
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4414577265