Work

Precipitation distribution in mechanically alloyed Al-Cu-Li powders processed via friction consolidation

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: • Friction consolidation is demonstrated as a single-step process to mechanically alloy blended AlCuLi powder, suggesting an energy-efficient alternative to manufacture AlCuLi alloys. • Two main material flows are characterized in the friction consolidated sample, with the inward material flow induced by the tool becoming dominate as the processing time increases. • Mechanical properties of the FCed AlCuLi alloy are comparable to those of other friction-stir based processes. • Shear deformation from tooling leads to variations of Cu distribution, resulting in distinct precipitation distributions after artificial aging. Friction consolidation (FC) was deployed to illustrate the mechanical alloying effect of Al-Cu, Al-Li, and pure Cu powder through phase transformation behavior. A progressive material flow from the periphery to the center of the FC die was witnessed, along with expansion perpendicular to the direction of rotation, indicating various degrees of alloying. Two types of precipitate, δ Â ́ Al 3 L i and T 1 ( Al 2 C u L i ) , were identified, exhibiting different distributions, attributed to variations in Cu content and thermo-mechanical processing. Mechanical tests showed slight anisotropic mechanical properties of the consolidated samples. By estimating the precipitate strengthening effect using physical models, the strengthening of δ Â ́ was found to be more prominent than that of T 1 , which might be more prone to strain localization. Overall, the results demonstrate the feasibility of FC in processing Al-Cu-Li alloys and serve as basis for further improvements in the final product through the addition of minor alloying elements, demonstrating an energy-efficient manufacturing process for such alloys.

Source: Materials & Design

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114847

Authors: Chang Yin-Cheng Chan, Uceu F.H.R. Suhuddin, Emad Maawad, Mark T. Mordridge, Benjamin Klusemann

Institutions: Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Leuphana University of Lüneburg

Language: English

Topic: Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis

Subfield: Mechanical Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,650

Funders: Helmholtz Association, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, European Research Council