Implementation of an AIoT-based Smart Parking System for Urban Mobility and Sustainable Infrastructure Management
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: As urban populations continue to grow, conventional parking systems increasingly fail to meet demands for space efficiency, user convenience, and sustainability.In this paper, we propose an AIoT-based smart parking system that reimagines the traditional mechanical tower through a modular Rubik's Cube-inspired design stabilized by a three-axis motion control framework.IoT-enabled sensors including ultrasonic units for vehicle detection, infrared modules for alignment, and radio frequency identification tags for occupancy tracking ensure accurate and responsive operation.Cars are shifted horizontally and vertically via tray-level rollers and lateral tracks, enabling multi-directional slot movement while reducing vibration and energy use.Integrated cloud infrastructure supports real-time monitoring, dynamic pricing, and user navigation through mobile applications.An operational simulation estimated retrieval times across varying occupancy levels, showing reduced waiting periods with performance dependent on scale and load.A simulated deployment in a mixed-use urban area demonstrated improved space utilization, energy efficiency, and service accessibility.Net carbon emission reduction was calculated by balancing shorter idling times with the energy costs of tray shuffling.Finally, we outline the future application of activity-based costing to compare economic and environmental performances between traditional and AIoT-based systems, providing a comprehensive framework for evaluating feasibility, cost efficiency, and sustainability in smart mobility planning.
Source: Sensors and Materials
DOI: 10.18494/sam5897
Authors: Wen-Hsien Tsai, Hsiang-Ching Chen, Kuo-Hsien Lee, Cheng-Fu Yang
Language: English
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $748
OpenAlex ID: W4414599003