Year: 2025
Type: preprint
Abstract: We show that concrete hardness assumptions about learning or cloning the output state of a random quantum circuit can be used as the foundation for secure quantum cryptography. In particular, under these assumptions we construct secure one-way state generators (OWSGs), digital signature schemes, quantum bit commitments, and private key encryption schemes. We also discuss evidence for these hardness assumptions by analyzing the best-known quantum learning algorithms, as well as proving black-box lower bounds for cloning and learning given state preparation oracles. Our random circuit-based constructions provide concrete instantiations of quantum cryptographic primitives whose security do not depend on the existence of one-way functions. The use of random circuits in our constructions also opens the door to NISQ-friendly quantum cryptography. We discuss noise tolerant versions of our OWSG and digital signature constructions which can potentially be implementable on noisy quantum computers connected by a quantum network. On the other hand, they are still secure against noiseless quantum adversaries, raising the intriguing possibility of a useful implementation of an end-to-end cryptographic protocol on near-term quantum computers. Finally, our explorations suggest that the rich interconnections between learning theory and cryptography in classical theoretical computer science also extend to the quantum setting.
Source: arXiv (Cornell University)
Language: English
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
Awards: G1523888516, QLCI-CI: NSF Quantum Leap Challenge Institute for Present and Future Quantum Computing, DISTRIBUTED QUANTUM INFORMATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS, G4516736450, G4578494242, CAREER: Near-term quantum computing: achieving quantum advantage, and next steps, QCIS-FF: Quantum Computing & Information Science Faculty Fellow at the University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, G6671297155, Collaborative Research: FET: Small: Theoretical Foundations of Quantum Pseudorandom Primitives, CAREER: New Frontiers in Quantum Protocols, Operator Algebras, and Property Testing
OpenAlex ID: W4414630348
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