Work

Potential of Ganoderma applanatum Extract as Anticancer and Immunomodulator in Diethylnitrosamine-induced Colon Cancer

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Ganoderma applanatum extract (GAE) exhibits numerous biological activities, particularly anticancer and immunomodulatory activities. This study aimed to examine the effect of GAE on colonic goblet cells, Lieberkuhn crypts, CD4+ and CD8+ cells in mice spleen. Mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6): normal control (KN) group given only distilled water, negative control (K-) group administered 100 mg/kg BW diethylnitrosamine (DEN), positive control (K+) group administered 100 mg/kg BW DEN + 10 mg/kg BW doxorubicin, and extract treatment (P) group administered 100 mg/kg BW DEN + 150 mg/kg BW GAE. Colon histology was assessed using haematoxylin and eosin staining. CD4+ and CD8+ percentages were determined by flow cytometry. Molecular docking of selected bioactive compounds of GAE with CD4+ (PDB ID: 1CDJ) and CD8+ (PDB ID: 1CD8) was performed using PyMol v1.74 and PyRx 0.8 software, with visualization using BIOVIA Discovery Studio 2019 and molecular dynamics via CABS-flex webserver. GAE significantly increased the number of goblet cells and Lieberkuhn crypt height in mice colon, with values of 28.00 ± 4.05 and 29.24 ± 4.61 µm, respectively. GAE improved colon histology and enhanced immunomodulation by increasing CD4+ and CD8+ cells in mice spleen, with values of 21.98 ± 3.03%, and 8.34 ± 0.86%, respectively. Molecular docking indicated lucidenic B had the highest binding affinity against CD4+ cells, while β-glucan had the highest binding affinity against CD8+ cells. Molecular dynamics confirmed complex stability (Root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) < 3 Å), suggesting stable ligand-receptor interactions in the plasma.

Source: Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research

DOI: 10.26538/tjnpr/v9i9.29