Figure 1 from Late-Stage Outcomes as Surrogates for Mortality in Cancer Screening Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Year: 2025
Type: other
Abstract: PRISMA flowchart for the systematic search of the literature. The figure describes the process of identifying, screening, and selecting the studies for the systematic review. * As half of the original MEDLINE search results (prior deduplication) were inadvertently overwritten, the original number retrieved is not available for “Search 2”. Records: titles with abstracts. Reports: full-text articles. List of reasons for exclusion with explanation. Duplicate: the same abstract was included twice for full-text assessment i.e., it was identified from different databases and not picked up as a duplicate at the de-duplication stage. Intervention: the intervention was not invitation or no invitation to screening with a well-defined test, but study group subjects were urged to have annual multiphasic health checkups, with screening tests not being defined. Outcomes: Search 1: no relevant mortality outcomes reported for all arms (all cause or cancer specific). Search 2: no relevant comparative surrogate outcomes specified in our protocol were reported. Publication type: included letters, reviews, editorials, and communications with insufficient information on methods and/or no numerical outcomes data; gray literature and conference abstracts. Study design: not a randomized controlled trial. Language: the report was not published in English. After discussion: these are full texts for which the two reviewers (MR/JG) initially disagreed on the inclusion but agreed on the exclusion after a discussion. Conference abstract: only an abstract was reported. Letter/review without additional data: these are letters or reviews that reported sufficient information on methods but did not report any additional outcomes data that we have not already identified from other reports. No relevant trial: this report was not on a trial that could be included in the study. Screen-detected outcomes only: these reports only included outcomes from the intervention arm e.g., proportion of screen-detected cancers. IN “Search 1”: reports identified in “Search 2” that were already included after “Search 1”. Already “IN”: reports that were already identified and included via “Search 1” or “Search 2” database searches. Review without additional data: previous reviews that reported sufficient information on methods but did not report any additional outcome data that we have not identified already from other reports. IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer; NA, not applicable; NR, not reported; USPSTF, US Preventive Services Task Force.
Language: English
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
OpenAlex ID: W4414797195
Cites:
Cited by:
Related to: