Work

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of probiotic strains in the context of antimicrobial resistance

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a critical global public health concern, particularly with regard to microorganisms used as probiotics in both veterinary and human healthcare. The aim of this study was to characterize the phenotypic and genotypic resistance profiles of several industrially applied probiotic bacterial strains, with special emphasis on the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Methods Five strains, Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Pediococcus acidilactici were analyzed. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing revealed resistance in multiple strains to clinically relevant antibiotics such as gentamicin, amoxicillin, tylosin, and florfenicol. Results Whole-genome sequencing identified 27 distinct ARGs, primarily associated with efflux pumps and target protection or modification mechanisms. The Bacillus licheniformis strain harbored the most diverse ARG profile, whereas no resistance genes were detected in Pediococcus acidilactici. Discussion These findings highlight the necessity of integrating phenotypic and genotypic assessments for the safe application of probiotic strains in animals and potentially human use.

Source: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1684650

Authors: Ádám Kerek, Nikolett Palkovicsné Pézsa, Eszter Kaszab, Ákos Jerzsele, Orsolya Farkas

Institutions: University of Veterinary Medicine, University of Debrecen

Language: English

Topic: Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria

Subfield: Molecular Medicine

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Domain: Life Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,801