Work

Symmetric-asymmetric collision comparison: Disentangling nuclear structure and subnucleonic structure effects for small system flow

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Previous flow measurements in small collision systems were mostly based on highly asymmetric collisions ( p +Pb, p +Au, d +Au, 3 He+Au), where both nuclear structure and subnucleonic fluctuations are important. Comparing these asymmetric systems with the newly available symmetric 16 O+ 16 O collisions at RHIC and LHC provides a unique opportunity to disentangle these two contributions. Using Glauber models incorporating both nucleon and quark-level substructure, we analyze multiplicity distributions and initial-state estimators: eccentricities ε n for anisotropic flow v n and inverse transverse size d ⊥ for radial flow. We find that subnucleonic fluctuations impact O+O collisions differently from asymmetric systems, creating specific patterns in flow observables that enable disentangling the competing contributions. Such experimental comparisons will reduce uncertainties in the initial conditions and improve our understanding of the properties of the QGP-like medium produced in small systems.

Source: Physics Letters B

DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139926

Authors: Shengli Huang, Jiangyong Jia, Chunjian Zhang

Institutions: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fudan University, Institute of Modern Physics

Language: English

Topic: High-Energy Particle Collisions Research

Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics

Field: Physics and Astronomy

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: diamond