Incidence and mortality trend of liver cancer in Iran from 1990 to 2021: an epidemiological investigation using the Global Burden of Disease study
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Background: The burden of liver cancer across the world is one of the most concerning. Iran, as a developing country, lacks a comprehensive review of liver cancer burden in recent years. This study aimed to evaluate the changing burden of liver cancer in Iran from 1990 to 2021. Methods: Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates (ASIR, ASMR) were the main metrics used in this study. Average annual percent change (AAPC) was calculated for Iran and each province. Results: Liver cancer incidence rate in Iran increased to 2.70 [2.39 to 3.04] per 100 000 population in 2021 with an AAPC of 0.85 [0.61 to 1.08]. Mortality of liver cancer in 2021 increased to 2.87 [2.55 to 3.23], representing an AAPC of 0.83 [0.32 to 1.35]. Men faced a higher burden than women. The burden of liver cancer became more prominent with increasing age. The Incidence of NASH-related liver cancer shifted remarkably during the studied time period, surpassing trends of other risk factors (AAPC: 1.89 [1.75 to 2.03]). Ardebil showed the most significant increasing trends in incidence and mortality rates compared to other provinces. Incidence of liver cancer remained low in lower SDI provinces but gradually increased when moving towards high SDI ones, suggesting a positive correlation. Conclusion: This study highlights the concern for liver cancer rate and related death in Iran due to increasing shifts in mortality rates and deaths. Iranian policymakers must implement feasible preventive approaches to control liver cancer's major risk factors, such as NASH and Alcohol use.
Source: Annals of Medicine and Surgery
Language: English
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,850
OpenAlex ID: W4414929979