Work

An Empirical Multi-Stage One-Step Battery Thermal Runaway Model Based on Arrhenius Reaction Rate Formalism

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Day to day engineering demands robust thermal runaway (TR) modelling which can reflect multiple cell chemistries, i.e. cathode materials, which could be “Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide” (NMC), “Lithium iron phosphate” (LFP) and “Lithium cobalt oxide” (LCO). In this article, a multi-stage one-step model for the exothermal heat release, , based on an Arrhenius type reaction rate, is developed. Unlike other established one-step models, the current model is three dimensional (3D) and the exothermal heat release is a function of the battery cell active material temperature, , and of the remaining reactant, , inside the battery cell active material. The developed reaction rate model performance is illustrated on an Accelerating Rate Calorimeter (ARC) test for a NMC 721 Li-Ion pouch battery cell. The ARC test simulation results are compared to a Gaussian and a polynomial one-step TR model which depend only on . For each model, this report also focuses on the total thermal energy released during TR. Finally, thermal propagation (TP) is evaluated for each TR model in a 4S4P pouch cell battery module under stagnant and active coolant conditions.

Source: Batteries

DOI: 10.3390/batteries11100371

Authors: Alexander Ruth, Martin Hantinger, Alexander Machold, Andreas Ennemoser

Institution: Anstalt für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen List (Austria)

Language: English

Topic: Advanced Battery Technologies Research

Subfield: Automotive Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDG: Affordable and clean energy

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,258