Work

Quantitative and spectroscopic assessment of early-stage enamel erosion induced by popular acidic beverages

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the initial effects of Coca-Cola, Red Bull, their sugar-free variants, and bottled orange juice on enamel surface roughness and mineral content. METHODS: Fifty-five sound human premolars were sectioned, mounted in resin, and polished to expose standardized enamel surfaces. After quality control, 75 samples (15 per group) were randomized and immersed in artificial saliva before submersion in acidic beverages (Coca-Cola, Red Bull, their sugar-free variants, and bottled orange juice) for 5 min. Surface roughness (Ra, Rq, Rz, Rv) was measured using optical profilometry, while Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis assessed mineral composition. The pH, titratable acidity, and buffering capacity of the beverages were also evaluated. Statistical analysis included paired t-tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank, Kruskal-Wallis, and ANOVA tests with p < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: ratios (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that all tested beverages increased enamel surface roughness within minutes, with energy drinks causing the most severe effects. While colas and energy drinks altered both surface and chemical properties, bottled orange juice affected only surface topography without detectable mineral changes. These distinct erosion patterns suggest that different beverages may require tailored preventive strategies.

Source: BMC Oral Health

DOI: 10.1186/s12903-025-07009-8

Authors: Fajer AlHelal, Zakiya AlHomaizi, Maryam AlOmair, Lama W. Yousef, Muawia A. Qudeimat

Institution: Kuwait University

Language: English

Topic: Dental Erosion and Treatment

Subfield: Orthodontics

Field: Dentistry

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,190