Influence of Bokashi Organic Fertilizer, Balanced Mineral Fertilizer, and Foliar Application of Selenium and Silicon Nanoparticles on Soil Sustainability and the Growth and Yield of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea)
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of organic, mineral, and nano-enabled fertilizers on soil sustainability and the growth and yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea). A field experiment was conducted during the autumn season of 2024 in District 41, Babil Governorate, Iraq, using 16 treatments arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Treatments included EM Bokashi bio-organic fertilizer, balanced NPK mineral fertilizer, and foliar sprays of silicon and selenium nanoparticles, applied individually or in combinations. The integrated treatment of EM Bokashi + NPK + SiNPs + SeNPs significantly improved soil fertility indicators (N, P, K, organic matter, and cation exchange capacity), enhanced microbial populations, and produced the highest plant growth and yield attributes, including a marketable yield of 100.42 Mg ha⁻¹. These findings highlight the potential of combining organic, mineral, and nano-fertilizers as a sustainable strategy to improve soil health, crop productivity, and future agricultural profitability.
Source: Applied Chemical Engineering
Authors: Montather Hussein Khalaf, Hayawi W. A. Al-Juthery
Language: English
Subfield: Soil Science
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4415024990
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