Insect Diversity and Dominance in Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Plantations Treated with Insecticides derived from Black Fruit Leaf (Haplolobus monticola)
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Cocoa is one of the country's potential foreign exchange-earning plantation crops, significantly increasing farmers' income and welfare. One of the main obstacles to cocoa crop production is pests, which cause decreased production yields and increased control costs. Losses due to cocoa pests and diseases each year in Indonesia reach 30-40%, while control costs average 40%. The study aims to determine the diversity and population of insects, the diversity index, and the dominance index in the cocoa plantation of Ebier Suth Cokran Ransiki South Manokwari. The black fruit vegetable insecticide powder dose is 8.25 grams per bag, and ten bags per cocoa tree are hung near the fruit on three main branches. The research method is purposive sampling, with 5 sample units, with each sample unit having 10 trees or a sample of 50 trees. Insects found were identified using identification keys and images from insect identification books. The calculation of the diversity index was done using the Shannon-Wiener formula, and the dominance index was calculated using the Simpson formula. Types of insect pests are divided into two orders, namely Hemiptera (families Miridae, Coreoidea, Pseudococcidae) and Isoptera (family Rhinotermitidae), with the most species being Hellopeltis sp., which has 64.3 individuals per plot. Natural enemy insects are divided into two orders, namely Hymenoptera (family Formicidae) and Araneae (family Araneae), with ant species (Iridomyrmex purpureus) numbering 22.3 individuals per plot. The diversity index of 1.68 is included in the medium category, and the dominance index of 0.19 is included in the low category. It is suspected that the aroma of the active compound of the black fruit botanical insecticide has an impact of dislike and results in a small number of insect pest populations on cocoa plants, showing the same insect diversity. The use of botanical insecticides and the use of secondary metabolic active compounds is one of the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) development programs which prioritizes environmentally friendly non-chemical control systems. Keywords: Pests, natural enemies, population, identification, index, effectiveness, active compounds.
Institution: Malikussaleh University
Language: English
Subfield: Horticulture
Domain: Life Sciences
SDGs: Zero hunger, Life on land
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $200
OpenAlex ID: W4415092123
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