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Dead Zone of Accountability: Why Social Claims in Machine Learning Research Should Be Articulated and Defended

Year: 2025

Type: conference-paper

Abstract: Many Machine Learning research studies use language that describes potential social benefits or technical affordances of new methods and technologies. Such language, which we call ”social claims”, can help garner substantial resources and influence for those involved in ML research and technology production. However, there exists a gap between social claims and reality (the claim-reality gap): ML methods often fail to deliver the claimed functionality or social impacts. This paper investigates the claim-reality gap and makes a normative argument for developing accountability mechanisms for it. In making the argument, we make three contributions. First, we show why the symptom - absence of social claim accountability - is problematic. Second, we coin dead zone of accountability - a lens that scholars and practitioners can use to identify opportunities for new forms of accountability. We apply this lens to the claim-reality gap and provide a diagnosis by identifying cognitive and structural resistances to accountability in the claim-reality gap. Finally, we offer a prescription - two potential collaborative research agendas that can help create the conditions for social claim accountability.

Source: Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on AI Ethics and Society

DOI: 10.1609/aies.v8i2.36649

Authors: Tianqi Kou, Dana Calacci, Cindy Lin

Institutions: Pennsylvania State University, Georgia Institute of Technology

Language: English

Topic: Ethics and Social Impacts of AI

Subfield: Safety Research

Field: Social Sciences

Domain: Social Sciences

SDGs: Reduced inequalities, Peace, justice, and strong institutions

Open Access status: bronze

OpenAlex ID: W4415230782

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