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Mitigating Transport-Based CO2 Emissions in Landlocked Countries: The Role of Economic Growth, Trade Openness, Freight Transportation and Renewable Energy Consumption

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: The transportation sector plays a pivotal role in economic development but is also a major contributor to environmental degradation due to its reliance on fossil fuels. This study explores the relationship between transport-related CO2 emissions, economic growth, road and rail freight transport, industry, trade openness, fossil fuel consumption, financial development, and renewable energy in 11 landlocked countries from 1990 to 2022. Using panel co-integration tests and PMG-ARDL techniques, the findings reveal a bidirectional causality between CO2 emissions, road freight, financial development, and industry. Road freight transport significantly boosts economic growth but also intensifies emissions, while renewable energy effectively mitigates transport-related CO2. The results emphasize the need for policymakers to balance economic advancement with sustainable energy and emission reduction strategies. Achieving economic-energy sustainability is essential for fostering a green and clean environment without compromising growth

Source: Sustainability

DOI: 10.3390/su17209058

Authors: Oumayma Messaoudi, Fedy Ouni, Kaies Samet

Institutions: University of Sfax, Faculty of Economics and Management of Sfax, University of Sousse

Language: English

Topic: Energy, Environment, Economic Growth

Subfield: Economics and Econometrics

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance

Domain: Social Sciences

SDGs: Industry, innovation and infrastructure, Climate action, Decent work and economic growth

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,896