Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: In the domain of automatic parking systems, parking space detection and localization represent fundamental challenges that must be addressed. As a core research focus within the field of intelligent automatic parking, they constitute the essential prerequisite for the realization of fully autonomous parking. Accurate and effective detection of parking spaces is still the core problem that needs to be solved in automatic parking systems. In this study, building upon existing public parking space datasets, a comprehensive panoramic parking space dataset named PSEX (Parking Slot Extended) with complex environmental diversity was constructed by integrating the concept of GAN (Generative Adversarial Network)-based image style transfer. Meanwhile, an improved algorithm based on PP-Yoloe (Paddle-Paddle Yoloe) is used to detect the state (free or occupied) and angle (T-shaped or L-shaped) of the parking space in real-time. For the many and small labels of the parking space, the ResSpp in it is replaced by the ResSimSppf module, the SimSppf structure is introduced at the neck end, and Silu is replaced by Relu in the basic structure of the CBS (Conv-BN-SiLU), and finally an auxiliary detector head is added at the prediction head. Experimental results show that the proposed SimSppf_mepre-Yoloe model achieves an average improvement of 4.5% in mAP50 and 2.95% in mAP50:95 over the baseline PP-Yoloe across various parking space detection tasks. In terms of efficiency, the model maintains comparable inference latency with the baseline, reaching up to 33.7 FPS on the Jetson AGX Xavier platform under TensorRT optimization. And the improved enhancement algorithm can greatly enrich the diversity of parking space data. These results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves a better balance between detection accuracy and real-time performance, making it suitable for deployment in intelligent vehicle and robotic perception systems.
Source: Sensors
DOI: 10.3390/s25206449
Authors: Wu Wei, Hongyang Chen, Jiayuan Gong, Kai Che, Wenbo Ren, Bin Zhang
Institutions: Hubei University of Automotive Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Science and Technology College of Hubei University of Arts and Science, City University of Hong Kong, Wuhan University, Xinjiang University of Political Science and Law
Language: English
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,137
OpenAlex ID: W4415350267