A Feature Centric Survey of Blockchain-Based E-Voting Systems with Secure QR Authentication and Post-Quantum Cryptographic Enhancement
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Systematic Review
Abstract: The integrity, coupled with the transparency of electoral systems, is vital for the existence of a democratic society if that society is to function well. Often, conventional electronic voting mechanisms are criticized for their security vulnerabilities, with a lack of transparency, together with limited public trust. Blockchain technology has come about to be a possible enabler for trustless and immutable systems. However, such a standard, privacy-preserving, verifiable voting model remains elusive. This work seeks to fill this void with the use of a blockchain e-voting system that uses QR codes to validate voters, cryptographically ensures integrity with the EFFT-SWIFFT hash, and also handles ballots through smart contracts. A feature matrix together with a visual chart was used in a systematic literature review of 28 peer-reviewed papers to analyze and compare authentication methods, transparency techniques, consensus mechanisms, and scalability solutions. Though the analysis reveals that entities greatly underutilize advanced cryptographic primitives such as zero-knowledge proofs and post-quantum hashing, these primitives potentially improve privacy and also verifiability. Present in the proposed model is a multi-layered architecture. Also, the model can offer a secure as well as transparent solution for addressing these gaps. Blockchain-based e-voting can increase trust, reduce fraud, and broaden democratic participation, but it requires real-world validation through pilot projects and usability testing.
DOI: 10.14419/0g3a5r31
Authors: T. Prabakar, S. Kanchana
Institution: SRM Institute of Science and Technology
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4415357920
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