Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: The changing landscape of heart failure trials Most early trials for heart failure (HF) assessed the effect of therapies on haemodynamic parameters, functional capacity and symptoms.Methodological limitations of these trials, as well the discovery that improvements in symptoms do not always correlate with better outcomes, 1 resulted in the inclusion of cardiovascular safety as a mandated trial endpoint.The near parallel discovery that neurohormonal blockade could improve survival led to a paradigm in which new treatments received regulatory approval on this basis.As prognosis improved with successive therapies, event rates in clinical trials declined, meaning ever-larger sample sizes were required (Figure 1).Further confounding the situation, participant profiles have shifted from a population of younger people with a single condition, to one which is older and increasingly multimorbid.With this has come an increasing contribution of non-cardiovascular events, which dilute the treatment effect of HF specific therapies.2
DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.70070
Language: English
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W4415377611