Evaluation of Structural Characterization and Biocompatibility of Glass Ionomer Cement Enhanced with Nanocomposites of Chitosan, Titanium, Zirconium, and Hydroxyapatite: Assessment of Cell Viability and Adhesion through Gingival Fibroblast Cell Line
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Aim: To evaluate the structural characterization and biocompatibility of novel glass ionomer cement (GIC) enhanced with a nanocomposite of chitosan, titanium, zirconium, and hydroxyapatite. Materials and methods: The experimental GIC was formulated by incorporating chitosan, titanium, zirconium, and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles into the conventional GIC matrix. The modified GIC was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to assess the integration of the nanocomposite and its effects on the microstructure. Fibroblast cell viability was evaluated on GIC composite disks compared to conventional GIC. Fluorescence microscopy was performed to assess cell viability and morphology. SEM was used to evaluate fibroblast attachment and morphology on the experimental GIC surfaces. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine significant differences between groups. Results: X-ray diffraction confirmed the successful incorporation of the nanocomposite components, with evidence of phase stability and homogeneous distribution. FTIR identified strong chemical interactions between the nanocomposite and GIC matrix. SEM revealed reduced porosity and uniform dispersion of nanoparticles, contributing to enhanced structural integrity. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay demonstrated high fibroblast cell viability, comparable to control samples, with no significant cytotoxic effects. Live/dead staining showed a higher proportion of viable cells on the modified GIC, indicating improved biocompatibility. SEM analysis of cell adhesion revealed better attachment and spreading of fibroblasts on the nanocomposite-enhanced GIC. Conclusion: The integration of a chitosan-titanium-zirconium-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite into GIC enhances its mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and bioactivity. This multifunctional material addresses the limitations of conventional GIC and offers potential as a next-generation material. How to cite this article: . Evaluation of Structural Characterization and Biocompatibility of Glass Ionomer Cement Enhanced with Nanocomposites of Chitosan, Titanium, Zirconium, and Hydroxyapatite: Assessment of Cell Viability and Adhesion through Gingival Fibroblast Cell Line. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(10):1249-1254.
Institution: Saveetha University
Language: English
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4415388472