Refractory ventricular arrhythmia in a patient with suspected immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis: a case report
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Case Report
Abstract: Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy by modulating immune responses, yet they can trigger rare, life-threatening complications such as myocarditis. Diagnosis remains challenging without confirmatory imaging or biopsy, particularly in haemodynamically unstable patients. Case Summary: We report a 65-year-old male with oesophageal cancer who developed refractory ventricular tachycardia three months after initiating toripalimab, a PD-1 inhibitor. Clinical suspicion of ICI-related myocarditis was based on ECG abnormalities (polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, ST-segment elevation), elevated troponin I (peak 7450 ng/L), and echocardiography showing reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (30%), with coronary angiography excluding significant obstructive disease. Due to haemodynamic instability, cardiac MRI or biopsy was not feasible. Treatment with high-dose methylprednisolone, immunoglobulin, and anti-arrhythmic drugs (amiodarone, esmolol) yielded limited success, with recurrent arrhythmias requiring multiple cardioversions. Following the family's thoughtful decision to forgo extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, the patient passed away shortly after discharge. Discussion: This case underscores the diagnostic complexity of suspected ICI-related myocarditis and the critical need for early recognition of immune-mediated cardiac toxicity in immunotherapy patients, emphasizing the role of clinical vigilance when definitive diagnostics are unavailable.
Authors: Xinhao Jin, Rui Zheng
Institutions: Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University
Language: English
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $815
OpenAlex ID: W4415401068