Work

Potential of biochar g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites in soil remediation of 2,4-D with mechanistic insights and future prospects

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: The widespread application of herbicides, particularly 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), has raised serious concerns due to its persistence in soil and water, posing significant risks to environmental and human health. This review explores the potential of biochar/graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) nanocomposites as a promising solution for remediating 2,4-D-contaminated soils. The synergistic combination of biochar’s high surface area and g-C 3 N 4 ’s photocatalytic properties enables dual-action remediation via adsorption and photodegradation. Key operational parameters, such as nanocomposite dosage, contact time, and initial pollutant concentration, substantially affect removal efficiency. While laboratory studies demonstrate high potential, field-scale implementation remains limited due to challenges including UV light dependency, energy-intensive biochar production, surface fouling, and microbial degradation. Additionally, the long-term ecological impacts of g-C 3 N 4 in soil environments remain underexplored. Integrating these nanocomposites with sustainable agricultural practices and biocontrol methods may improve applicability. Future research should prioritize scalability, environmental safety, and cost-effectiveness to support wider adoption. Clinical trial number: not applicable.

Source: Discover Environment

DOI: 10.1007/s44274-025-00415-3

Authors: Solomon Tibebu, Abebe Worku, Tsedekech Gebremeskel Weldmichael

Institution: Addis Ababa Science and Technology University

Language: English

Topic: Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques

Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment

Field: Energy

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Life on land, Clean water and sanitation, Responsible consumption and production

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,390