Work

Is there a conflict between causality and diamagnetism?

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: There is a long-standing apparent conflict between the existence of diamagnetism and causality as expressed through the Kramers–Kronig relations. In essence, using causality arguments, along with a small number of seemingly well-justified assumptions, one can show that diamagnetism is impossible. However, experiments show diamagnetic responses from magnetic media. We present a resolution to this issue, which also explains the absence of observed dia-electric responses in media. In the process, we expose some of the short-comings in earlier analyses that have kept the paradox alive.

Source: New Journal of Physics

DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/ae1630

Authors: Niclas Westerberg, Stephen M Barnett

Institution: University of Glasgow

Language: English

Topic: Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics

Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

Field: Physics and Astronomy

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,610

Funders: Royal Society, Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council