Work

Air pollution in the urban built environment: A comprehensive evaluation

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: This study assesses air pollution levels in the city of Chania, Greece, utilizing a combination of bike-mounted sensors and stationary monitoring stations to analyze the spatial and temporal variability of microclimate conditions and key pollutants, including PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , CO, and NO 2 . The data analysis reveals significant seasonal variations in air pollution levels, with concentrations peaking during winter, primarily due to increased emissions from heating-related combustion and reduced atmospheric dispersion. In contrast, summer months exhibit lower pollution levels, as favorable meteorological conditions enhance pollutant dispersion. In spring, periodic dust episodes contribute to elevated PM concentrations, further influencing seasonal air quality patterns. Weekday pollution levels are generally higher than those on weekends, primarily due to traffic emissions and daily commuting patterns. However, in spring and summer, this trend becomes less consistent, as increased leisure activities and tourism-related transport led to elevated pollutant concentrations on certain weekends. Spatially, the highest pollution concentrations are observed in the city center, where dense traffic and urban structures contribute to pollutant accumulation. Conversely, coastal areas record lower pollution levels, benefiting from natural ventilation and reduced vehicular activity. These findings underscore the need for integrated air quality assessments in urban planning and policy development. Strengthening public transportation networks, enforcing emission control measures, expanding urban green infrastructure, and enhancing real-time air quality monitoring are recommended strategies to mitigate air pollution. By implementing these measures, cities can enhance air quality, public health, and environmental resilience, fostering more sustainable and equitable urban development. • Air pollution in Chania is assessed using bike sensors and monitoring stations • Seasonal and spatial variability of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , CO, and NO 2 are analyzed • Winter pollution peaks due to heating emissions and low atmospheric dispersion • Weekday pollution is higher, but tourism influences weekend levels during summer • The city center records higher air pollution compared to the coastal areas

Source: Atmospheric Pollution Research

DOI: 10.1016/j.apr.2025.102797

Authors: Elisavet Tsekeri, Aikaterini Lilli, Mihalis Lazaridis, Dionysia Kolokotsa

Institution: Technical University of Crete

Language: English

Topic: Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting

Subfield: Environmental Engineering

Field: Environmental Science

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Sustainable cities and communities, Climate action

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $2,570