Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 (ITIH4) in saliva of pigs: evaluation of two commercially available ELISA kits for its measurement and distribution of its main components
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor protein heavy chain 4 (ITIH4), also named porcine major acute phase protein (Pig-MAP), is a positive acute phase protein (APP) in pigs and can be measured in plasma and also in saliva to assess the animal health. The objectives of this report were (1) to evaluate if different commercially available porcine ELISA kits can measure ITIH4 concentrations in saliva samples of pigs, and (2) to study the distribution of ITIH4 components in saliva and compare it to the distribution in plasma. The results showed that two of the ELISA kits used in this report could measure salivary ITIH4 with precision and accuracy, but only one showed significant differences between pigs with tail biting and control animals without this condition. Western blotting analysis revealed the presence of a different distribution of ITIH4 bands in saliva samples compared to plasma samples. In conclusion, in saliva of pigs ITIH4 can be quantified using a commercial ELISA kit increasing its concentration in cases of tail biting. In addition, ITIH4 shows bands at western blot in saliva that are different from serum but are compatible with different ITIH4 forms. These data confirm that ITIH4 can be detected in saliva and be potentially used as a biomarker of inflammation.
Source: PLoS ONE
Institutions: Universidad de Murcia, Universidad Cardenal Herrera CEU
Language: English
Topic: Animal health and immunology
Subfield: Small Animals
Field: Veterinary
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,382
OpenAlex ID: W4415525001