Work

Integrative analysis of plastome, single-copy nuclear gene Pgk1 and SLAF-seq data uncovers multiple-origin and introgression history in polyploid Agropyron cristatum

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Elucidating the origins and mechanisms of polyploidization requires tracing the evolutionary history of polyploid species, particularly those with complex origins. Agropyron cristatum , traditionally regarded as an autopolyploid, exhibits characteristics indicative of a segmental allopolyploid. Here, we used phylogenetic analysis based on a low-copy nuclear gene (i.e., Pgk1 ), SLAF-seq, and plastome data from 20 diploid and 120 tetraploid Agropyron individuals to determine whether tetraploid A. cristatum arose from an allopolyploid or autopolyploid event. Phylogenetic analyses based on Pgk1 and SLAF-seq data identified two distinct A. cristatum lineages that corresponded to the two main Agropyron habitats in Central Asia–Europe and East Asia–Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. These findings, taken together with molecular dating and gene flow analyses, suggest that the East Asian tetraploid A. cristatum originated via both autopolyploidy from A. cristatum and hybridization between diploid A. cristatum and A. mongolicum , with each diploid cytotype acting as a maternal donor. Furthermore, the Central Asia–Europe tetraploid A. cristatum originated solely via autopolyploidy of diploid A. cristatum . Our findings also indicate that rapid diversification of Agropyron was likely driven by climate oscillations, geographic isolation, introgressive hybridization, and chloroplast capture. These findings challenge simplistic views of autopolyploids and underscore substantial potential for achieving high levels of genetic and adaptive diversity through recurrent hybridization and reticulate evolution. • Autopolyploidy and hybridization contributed to the origin of the tetraploid Agropyron cristatum • Hybridization and chloroplast capture have shaped plastid diversity in East Asia and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau populations of Agropyron cristatum • Diversification of the tetraploid A. cristatum were driven by climate shifts, geographic barriers, and introgression

Source: Acta Botanica Yunnanica

DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2025.10.002