Work

Chronic complications of diabetes: Contemporary classification

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Traditionally, chronic complications of diabetes have been classified as microvascular and macrovascular. As our knowledge and understanding of diabetes develops, we increasingly find that conventional classifications and frameworks are unable to encapsulate the wide spectrum of the syndrome. We propose a seven-angled rubric, to serve as a contemporary taxonomic structure for diabetes complications. This includes not only the vascular consequences, but sapio-metabolic, oculo-metabolic, viscero-metabolic, musculoskeletal and repro-metabolic complications of diabetes as well. This taxonomic structure, presented in tabular and hexagonal form, should prove useful for all students of diabetology.

Source: Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

DOI: 10.47391/jpma.25-91

Authors: Sanjay Kalra, Saptarshi Bhattacharya, Nitin Kapoor

Institutions: Chandigarh University, Bharti Hospital, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Christian Medical College, Vellore

Language: English

Topic: Diabetes Management and Research

Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $650