Work

Tuneable zinc scorpionates for CO2 fixation into sustainable materials: access to polycarbonates and tailored hybrid poly(L-lactide)s-b-polycarbonates

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: An economical, easy-prepared and sterically demanded scorpionate complex [ZnMe( κ 3 -phbp t amd)] performed as a very efficient and robust catalyst for the selective CO 2 fixation into poly(cyclohexene carbonate)s (TOF = 5.6 h −1 , MSA = 0.169 kg PCHC·g −1 Zn). As a prove of its versatility, this system also succeeds in the preparation of the bioresourced sustainable poly(L-lactide)- b -poly(cyclohexene carbonate) hybrid materials with narrow dispersity values, under mild and solvent-free conditions, showing thermal stability up to 240 °C. • Robust mononuclear alkyl zinc scorpionates efficiently catalyze the selective ROCoP of CHO and CO 2 under mild, solvent-free conditions. • Electron-withdrawing groups in the scorpionate ligands play a key role in modulating catalyst selectivity and performance. • Complex [ZnMe(κ 3 -phbptamd)] 4 enables the preparation of PLA- b -PCHC hybrid diblock copolymers via a “one-pot/one-step” procedure. • The CO 2 incorporation level in the resulting materials can be easily modulated by adjusting the cyclohexene oxide feed. • PLA- b -PCHC terpolymers exhibit thermal stability up to 240 °C and a single glass transition temperature ( T g = 55–60 °C). The production of industrially demanded materials mediated by metal-based catalysts under greener and more eco-friendly conditions is a current challenge to aim. This is even more attractive when these materials are capable to uptake different levels of CO 2 and show improved properties. In this contribution we describe the use of inexpensive, low-toxicity and robust mononuclear alkyl zinc complexes of the type [ZnMe( κ 3 -NNN’)] ( 4 – 6 ), supported by sterically demanding scorpionate ligands, as catalysts for the selective Ring-Opening Co-Polymerisation of cyclohexene oxide and CO 2 . The presence of different electron-withdrawing groups in the scorpionates play a key role in catalysts selectivity. Thus, these species can act efficiently in the absence of co-catalyst to afford poly(cyclohexene carbonate) (PCHC) materials with narrow dispersity values, under mild and solvent-free conditions (TOF = 5.6 h −1 , Mass-Specific Activity, MSA = 0.169 kg PCHC · g −1 Zn). Very interestingly, only complex [ZnMe( κ 3 -phbp t amd)] 4 also exhibited high efficiency as one-component catalyst for the preparation of the terpolymer poly(L-lactide)- b -poly(cyclohexene carbonate) (PLA- b -PCHC) in the form of hybrid diblock materials via a “one-pot/one-step” procedure, in different ratios and under similar conditions. DFT calculation demonstrate that the lower Lewis acidity of catalyst 4 , compared to 5 and 6 , enables the full conversion of L-LA monomer by ROP as the first step in the terpolymerisation process, prior to the ROCoP of CHO and CO 2 . The level of CO 2 incorporation in these materials can be easily modulated by simply modifying cyclohexene oxide feed, resulting in hybrid materials with different thermal properties. Assessment by Thermogravimetric Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry revealed both terpolymers with higher PCHC content showed to be stable up to 240 °C, and that the glass transition temperatures for these PLA- b -PCHC hybrids exhibit a single value ( T g = 55–60 °C), corresponding to the lactide portion of the hybrid polymer 12 .

Source: European Polymer Journal

DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114361