Clinico-Histopathological Characteristics and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Single Institution Experience
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), originating from the interstitial cells of Cajal, which act as pacemaker cells in the muscularis propria. They are frequently associated with gain-of-function mutations in the KIT or PDGFRA genes, resulting in constitutive activation of receptor tyrosine kinases. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the clinico-histopathological features of GIST variants with a focus on tumour size, site of origin, mitotic index, and immunohistochemical expression of CD117 and DOG-1. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 12 Indian patients diagnosed with GIST at FAAMCH, Barpeta, between 2022 and 2024. Clinical data including age, gender, tumour site, and size were recorded. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry for CD117, DOG-1, S-100, Desmin, and SMA were performed. Results: The stomach was the most frequent site of GISTs (41.67%), followed by the colon (33.33%). The spindle-cell variant was the most prevalent histological subtype (7/12 cases). All cases showed diffuse positivity for CD117 and DOG-1, with negative staining for S-100, Desmin, and SMA. Conclusion: The immunoprofile supports the diagnosis of GIST, with the majority showing classical features. Observed differences from global data may reflect genetic or ethnic variations in the Indian population, highlighting the need for further multicentric studies to refine diagnostic and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Suman Paul, Bibhuti Bhuyan, Rashmi Rekha Goswami, Balmiki Datta, Doolmoni Saikia
Language: English
Subfield: Gastroenterology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W4415651624