Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: A review of the latest underwater vehicles used for deep-sea research operations. Scientists face three major challenges in the deep ocean: high pressure and cold temperature, and darkness. Several underwater vehicles have evolved as a response to these challenges. Underwater vehicles operate autonomously and are the primary tools in mapping the seafloor while monitoring the environment. For offshore structural repair and underwater inspections, Surface operations are done through Remotely Operated Vehicles, ROVs. Human-occupied vehicles HOVs allow direct scientific observation and better research results, especially in marine biology and underwater archaeology. This paper discusses the design of the vehicles and functional analysis of their applications to geological processes of the marine environment and activities for underwater resource exploitation. The higher performance and operational safety of the vehicles is achieved through these innovations in sensors, materials science, energy systems, and communication protocols. The technology of the underwater vehicles is able to overcome the limitations of the unexplored deep water environments; it is also the direction of future explorations.
DOI: 10.14419/3fsz1540
Authors: Ragini Kushwaha, Anjali Krushna Kadao, Dr. Rashmi Chauhan
Institution: Kalinga University
Subfield: Ocean Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4415764181
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