Work

Interactions Among Morphology, Word Order, and Syntactic Directionality: Evidence from 55 Languages

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: This study investigates interactions among morphology, word order, and syntactic directionality across 55 languages from 11 families. We quantify morphological richness (moving-average mean size of paradigm), word order flexibility (entropy), and syntactic directionality (dependency direction), linking linguistic structure to information-theoretic principles. Analyses show that morphological richness is only weakly related to word order entropy and does not provide a robust predictor after statistical correction. Rich morphology facilitates the predictability of syntactic functions. Languages with richer morphology consistently favor head-final structures, whereas minimally inflected languages lean toward head-initial patterns, indicating that syntactic directionality is more closely associated with morphological complexity than with surface word order. Overall, the findings indicate that languages maintain a balance between redundancy and flexibility in optimizing information transmission, providing quantitative evidence for efficiency-driven trade-offs in human language.

Source: Entropy

DOI: 10.3390/e27111128

Authors: Wenchao Li, Haitao Liu

Institutions: Zhejiang University, Fudan University

Language: English

Topic: Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation

Subfield: Language and Linguistics

Field: Arts and Humanities

Domain: Social Sciences

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,137

Funder: National Office for Philosophy and Social Sciences