Work

Theoretical Analysis of Blood Rheology as a Non-Integer Order Nanofluid Flow with Shape-Dependent Nanoparticles and Thermal Effects

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: This study theoretically investigates blood rheology in arteries by modeling blood as an Oldroyd-B nanofluid with uniformly suspended Au, Cu, and Al2O3 nanoparticles. A fractional order framework is employed to capture memory and hereditary effects while preserving the invariance of governing equations. The influence of nanoparticle geometry is examined by considering spherical (isotropic), cylindrical (axial), and platelet-like (planar) shapes. Using integral transform techniques, a comparative analysis highlights how particle symmetry and system parameters affect flow behavior and heat transfer. Thermal effects are further analyzed as both a contributor to flow resistance and a source of symmetry breaking in conduction, with implications for optimizing nanofluid-based blood rheology in biomedical applications such as cryosurgery.

Source: Symmetry

DOI: 10.3390/sym17111854

Authors: Muhammad Shahzaib, Azhar Ali Zafar

Institution: Government College University, Lahore

Language: English

Topic: Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer

Subfield: Biomedical Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,896

Funders: Higher Education Commision, Pakistan, Government College University, Lahore