Work

A Super-Sensitive Voltammetric Procedure for the Determination of Pb(II) Ions in Natural Waters Using an Environmentally Friendly Microelectrode

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: A versatile voltammetric procedure for quantitative determination of Pb(II) directly in environmental water samples has been proposed. Differential pulse technique in the variant of anodic stripping voltammetry was applied to study Pb(II) at a solid bismuth microelectrode (SBiµE). The proposed procedure was tested using model solutions containing 0.1 mol L−1 acetate buffer (pH = 3.4) and 5 × 10−9 mol L−1 Pb(II). Under optimized measurement conditions, i.e., activation potential and time −2.5 V and 30 s, respectively, and accumulation potential and time −1.4 V and 30 s, respectively, a linearity range of 1 × 10−10–3 × 10−8 mol L−1, a detection limit of 3.4 × 10−11 mol L−1 and a relative standard deviation of 3.1% were obtained. The applicability of the developed procedure was confirmed by direct analysis of environmental waters, such as water from the Bystrzyca River and water from the Baltic Sea.

Source: Materials

DOI: 10.3390/ma18215022

Authors: Malgorzata Grabarczyk, Wieslawa Cwikla-Bundyra

Institution: Maria Curie-Skłodowska University

Language: English

Topic: Electrochemical Analysis and Applications

Subfield: Electrochemistry

Field: Chemistry

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDG: Clean water and sanitation

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,137