Work

Third law of repetitive electric Penrose processes

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Recently, Ruffini et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 134 (2025) 8, 081403] pointed out that the repetitive Penrose process cannot drain the entire extractable energy of a Kerr black hole. In this Letter, we alternatively point out the charge of a Reissner-Nordström black hole cannot drop down to exactly zero via the repetitive electric Penrose process that is terminated after a finite number of iterative steps, indicating a new thermodynamical third-law analog for the repetitive electric Penrose process.

Source: Physical review. D/Physical review. D.

DOI: 10.1103/vlgc-y3qg

Authors: Li Hu, Rong-Gen Cai, Shao-Jiang Wang

Institutions: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo University, Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics

Language: English

Topic: Black Holes and Theoretical Physics

Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics

Field: Physics and Astronomy

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: green

Funders: National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Key Research and Development Program of China