Work

Nanomaterials-mediated trained immunity: Progress and prospects for disease treatment

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Trained immunity represents a paradigm shift in immunology, wherein innate immune cells acquire antigen-agnostic memory through epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming, enabling enhanced responses to secondary challenges. However, conventional trained immunity inducers have limitations including poor targeting, transient efficacy and systemic toxicity. Engineered nanoformulations including polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic carriers and nanovesicles can enhance inducer bioavailability, and prolong tissue retention. And it can achieve precise delivery to hematopoietic organs (bone marrow, spleen) or specific immune cells (macrophages, dendritic cells), amplifying trained immunity while mitigating off-target effects. Therapeutically, nano-optimized inducers demonstrate significant efficacy across pathologies including oncology, sepsis, autoimmune diseases and so on. In this article, we review the latest progress of nanomaterials-mediated trained immunity and its application in disease treatment. We focus on different nanomaterials used as specific training immune inducers. Subsequently, we describe the applications of nanomaterials-based trained immunity in different diseases. Finally, we look forward to the key challenges faced by nanomaterials-based training immunity and the directions for future development.

Source: Advanced Nanocomposites

DOI: 10.1016/j.adna.2025.11.001

Authors: Lanbing Zou, Xinyan Gong, Baixue Fu, Jianfeng Liu, Yumin Zhang, Cuihong Yang

Institution: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College

Language: English

Topic: Immune responses and vaccinations

Subfield: Immunology

Field: Immunology and Microbiology

Domain: Life Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: hybrid

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