Work

Biohybrid actuators in robotics: recent trends and future perspectives of skeletal and cardiac muscle integration

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Biohybrid robots integrate skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues with synthetic components, emulating energy-efficient, adaptive natural movements. Skeletal muscles enable precise control suited for walking and gripping, whereas cardiac muscles offer rhythmic contractions ideal for swimming and pumping. Despite significant progress, achieving stability, scalability, and precise biotic-abiotic integration remains challenging. This review summarizes recent advances, identifies critical obstacles, and proposes strategies for next-generation biohybrid robotic systems.

Source: npj Robotics

DOI: 10.1038/s44182-025-00049-w

Authors: Min Suk Kim, Young Hyun Kim, Yuri Choi, Keel Yong Lee

Institution: Sejong University

Language: English

Topic: Soft Robotics and Applications

Subfield: Biomedical Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,990

Funder: National Research Foundation of Korea