Work

Ship emissions and social costs at Southeast Asian container ports

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: This study investigates ship emissions and associated social costs at major container ports in Southeast Asia, a region facing growing environmental pressure from maritime activities. Using a bottom-up approach based on vessel-specific data, the study estimates port-level emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon dioxide (CO2), alongside their monetized social costs. Findings show that while large ports contribute higher total emissions, smaller ports exhibit disproportionately high emission costs per cargo unit, indicating lower eco-efficiency. Emissions peak during congested operational hours, largely driven by frequent calls from smaller and mid-sized vessels. Compared to global benchmarks, Southeast Asian ports face higher emission costs due to limited adoption of green technologies. The results highlight the urgent need for cleaner fuels, shore power and regulatory standards to reduce emissions and improve sustainability. This research provides data-driven insights for policymakers aiming to balance economic growth with environmental responsibility in developing port systems.

Source: Transportation Safety and Environment

DOI: 10.1093/tse/tdaf067

Author: Phong Nha Nguyen

Institution: FPT University

Language: English

Topic: Maritime Transport Emissions and Efficiency

Subfield: Environmental Engineering

Field: Environmental Science

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Climate action, Industry, innovation and infrastructure, Responsible consumption and production, Sustainable cities and communities, Life below water

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,575