Orthobunyaviruses: Epidemiology, innate immune escape, and intervention strategies
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Orthobunyaviruses, including La Crosse virus (LACV), Oropouche virus (OROV), Schmallenberg virus (SBV), and Akabane virus (AKAV), pose substantial threats to global public health and livestock industries. This review focuses on the interplay between these viruses and the host immune systems, highlighting key mechanisms of viral entry and immune evasion. The viruses exploit vulnerabilities in host innate immunity, particularly through nonstructural protein NSs, which disrupts type I interferon signaling and transcriptional machinery. Additionally, this review delineates how host restriction factors counteract viral proliferation through compartmentalized defense mechanisms including BST-2 and MxA. The review also discusses antiviral strategies, including vaccines and inhibitors. Hence, this review synthesizes current knowledge on host recognition, immune evasion, and therapies for Orthobunyaviruses infections (focusing on LACV, OROV, AKAV, SBV) to guide targeted antiviral and broad-spectrum countermeasure development against emerging Orthobunyaviruses threats.
Source: Virulence
Authors: Ping Li, DengShuai Zhao, JunYan Fu, YuanHang Zhang, ShiKai Cai, MengHua Deng, CanYuan Li, JunJie Huang, LiMei Qin, Han Gao, KeShan Zhang
Institutions: Foshan University, Henan Agricultural University
Language: English
Topic: Viral Infections and Vectors
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,557
Award: G4051217097
OpenAlex ID: W4416121612