Assessment of Barriers to Physical Activity Practice: Spanish Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability and Validity of the Barriers to Being Active Quiz
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: The general population struggles to meet physical activity recommendations, risking mental and physical health. Validated, culturally adapted tools are essential for identifying barriers and implementing effective, context-specific strategies to promote exercise participation. Despite its wide use, the cross-cultural equivalence, and psychometric properties of the Barriers to Being Active Quiz (BBAQ) have not been confirmed. The purpose of this study was to validate the BBAQ cross-culturally into European Spanish (BBAQ-ES). Following international guidelines, the BBAQ underwent a systematic four-step process involving a multidisciplinary translation, synthesis, reconciliation, review, and a population-based comprehensibility test. Measurement properties-including structural and construct validity, and internal consistency, measurement error and test-retest reliability-were assessed following COSMIN guidelines on a sample of 589 Spanish University students. The IPAQ-SF was used as comparator instrument during hypothesis testing for construct validity (i.e. convergent, and discriminative validity). The BBAQ-ES demonstrates strong cross-cultural equivalence and good measurement properties (RMSEA = 0.0485, CFI = 0.946; Cronbach's alpha = 0.875; ICC = 0.724 -0.878; confirmed hypotheses testing >75%). The BBAQ-ES is a cross-culturally adapted, reliable and valid measure to assess multidimensional obstacles to physical activity. This study provides valuable new insights for international research and clinical practice.
Language: English
Topic: Physical Activity and Health
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W4416186724