Palladium nanoparticle-modified filament for the detection of nitrite in foodstuff using additive manufactured electrodes
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: To create high-performance additive manufactured electrodes that can form the basis of electroanalytical platforms for real-world applications, the development of unique bespoke filament is required. To this end, this study presents the first report of a palladium nanoparticle (PdNP) embedded conductive filament for additive manufacturing electrochemistry, sustainably produced using an environmentally friendly aqueous synthesis, recycled poly(lactic acid) (PLA), bio-based plasticiser castor oil, and solvent-free thermal mixing. Once printed, the additive manufactured electrodes, with palladium nanoparticles supported on acid-activated graphite (PdNPs-AAGr), are applied towards the electrochemical detection of nitrite in food samples. The acid treatment of graphite enhanced PdNP formation, improving electrochemical properties and enabling sensitive nitrite detection via square wave voltammetry, with a linear range of 1 to 120 μM and a detection limit of 0.042 μM. The electrode exhibited excellent repeatability (RSD 4 %) and selectivity, with minimal interference from food matrix components. Real sample analysis in sausage, chicken ham, and pickled vegetables showed recoveries comparable to ion chromatography, confirming analytical accuracy. This work integrates an eco-friendly PdNPs on graphite synthesis method with recycled PLA, carbon black and bio-based castor oil plasticiser, offering a sustainable platform for food monitoring. • Palladium nanoparticle formation using an environmentally friendly, aqueous synthesis. • Report of the first PdNP embedded conductive filament for additive manufacturing. • PdNP enhanced electrodes offer enhanced nitrite detection within foodstuff. • Nitrite quantification in real food samples, benchmarked against ion chromatography. • Sustainable fabrication using recycled PLA and bio-based plasticiser.
Source: Food Chemistry
Language: English
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $4,930
Funders: European Commission, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Astrofísica, HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
Awards: G1717877752, G1755694301, G2615474142, G5354107455, IMPLEMENTING INNOVATIVE METHODS FOR SAFETY AND SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENTS OF CHEMICALS AND MATERIALS PARTICULARLY AT NANO LEVEL IN THE EUROPEAN UNION, G8361750129, Additive Manufacturing Complete Water Splitting Devices: A Pathway to Scalable Zero Emission Hydrogen Production (Additive-H2), G8637120789
OpenAlex ID: W4416192038