Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: This article presents the 4D Urban Area Model for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Risk Assessment – a framework designed to support the safe integration of drones in low-altitude urban airspace. The model builds on interoperable 3D city models, is in line with the Specific Operations Risk Assessment (SORA) methodology and U-space regulations, and introduces a fourth dimension: time. Through a nationwide survey of Polish municipalities and consultations with Polish Air Navigation Services Agency (PANSA) experts, the author identified population density and mobility data as essential for assessing drone-related risks. As a result, a 12-interval daily temporal layer was proposed to support dynamic risk zoning – initially with historical data on traffic density and ultimately, in the future, with real-time updates of this data and other obstacles via digital twins. ...
Author: Beata Stelmach-Fita
Institution: Uniwersytet Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Language: English
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
Funders: Aalto-Yliopisto, Turun Yliopisto
OpenAlex ID: W4416233222