Work

Generalized Gross-Pitaevskii Equation for 2D Bosons with Attractive Interactions

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: We introduce a generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation that provides a nonlinear framework for studying 2D attractive Bose systems. Its defining feature is the logarithmic density dependence of the coupling constant, which breaks the scale invariance inherent in the standard mean-field equations. This framework allows straightforward calculations of the system properties arising from the quantum anomaly. As a first illustration, we study universal bound states in free space, commonly referred to as quantum droplets. Then, we analyze breathing modes and quench dynamics in trapped systems, paving the way for a systematic exploration of nonequilibrium phenomena in 2D attractive Bose systems. Finally, we predict the existence of universal excited states, including vortex configurations, which may be more accessible to experimental investigation than the ground state. Our results provide a robust theoretical foundation for studying both static and dynamical properties of finite systems, and offer guidance for the design of future experiments.

Source: Physical Review Letters

DOI: 10.1103/2831-t3jk

Authors: Michał Suchorowski, Fabian Brauneis, Hans-Werner Hammer, Michał Tomza, Artem G. Volosniev

Institutions: University of Warsaw, Technische Universität Darmstadt, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, Aarhus University

Language: English

Topic: Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates

Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

Field: Physics and Astronomy

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $3,750