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Case Report of a Giant Mediastinal Neurofibroma Misdiagnosed as Massive Pleural Effusion

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Mediastinal neurogenic tumors are benign neoplasms commonly found along nerves in the posterior mediastinum, with rare malignant transformation. We report a case of a 36-year-old woman admitted to the respiratory department with complaints of chest tightness, cough, and sputum production. Chest CT revealed a large hypodense lesion in the left thoracic cavity with scattered streaky hyperdense shadows, initially suspected as massive pleural effusion. Thoracentesis failed to aspirate fluid. Subsequent ultrasound and contrast-enhanced CT identified a giant mediastinal mass, prompting referral to thoracic surgery for resection. The tumor was successfully removed, and postoperative pathology confirmed neurofibroma. The patient recovered well and was discharged. For unexplained hypodense lesions in the thoracic cavity, ultrasound and contrast-enhanced CT aid in reducing misdiagnosis. For large intrathoracic tumors, successful resection requires thorough preoperative evaluation, preparation, and optimal surgical access to ensure safe and complete removal.

Source: Clinical Case Reports

DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.71445

Authors: Hongqiang Chen, DanYi Lin, Zhizhong Zhou

Institutions: Fujian Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University

Language: English

Topic: Neurofibromatosis and Schwannoma Cases

Subfield: Neurology

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,820